Cooling device for furnace-walls.



No. 628,790. Patentad July Il, |899. A. P. GAINES &. C. J. GUSTAFSON. CUOLING DEVICE FOR FURNACE WALLS.

(Application med Dec. 28, 189B.) N0 Model 4 sheets-sheet No. 628,790. Patented .luly Il, |899. A. P. GAINES C. J. GUSTAFSUN.

COOLING DEVICE FUR FURNACE WALLS.

(Application filed Dec. 28, 1898,) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2,

No. 628,799. Patented luly Il, |899.

A. P. GAINES &. C. J. GUSTAFSN.

COOLING DEVICE FOR FURNACE WALLS.

(Application filed Dec. 28, 1898.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

N0. 628,790. Patented .luly II, |899.

A. P. GAINES &. C. J. GUSTAFSON.

COOLING DEVICE FOR FUBNACE WALLS.

(Application `led Dec. 28, 1898.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4,

i," .50. all.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AMBROSE PORTER GAINES, OF SOUTH PITTSBURG, AND CHARLES I. GUSTAFSON, OF SEQUACHEE, TENNESSEE.

C100 LING DEV'E FGR'FU RNACE-WALLS.

`SPECIFICATION' forming partof Letters Patent N0. 628,790, dated July 11 1899.

Application filed December 28, 1898. Serial No. 700,524. (No model.)

To ,c1/ZZ whoml it may concern:

Be it known that we, AMBRosE PORTER GAINES, residing at South Pittsburg, and CHARLES, J. GUsTAFsoN, residing at Sequachee, Marion county, State of Tennessee, citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cooling Devices for Furnace-Walls, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to cooling devices for blast or other furnaces,and more particularly to a device of the character specified, in which are combined twoV or more parts, one of which incloses or surrounds, partially or wholly, another, forming what we may term a composite plate,77 by the use ot' which term it is to be distinctly understood that we do not intend that the shape of any of the parts or the whole device is limited to a plate form, as any part or the whole may be of flat, round, square, circular or semicircular, irregular,l or any shape suited to the requirements of the particularfurnace or the particular position ,of the furnacel wherein the device is to be used, and consequently whenever we use the term f plate in the specification and claims it is to be understood that we employ that term in the broadest sense,

as above indicated.

A better comprehension of the objects and advantages of our invention may be derived from a brief consideration of the serious 0bjections commonly encountered in ,the operation of blast-furnaces, and these objections we will now briefly enumerate.

It has been found that the-walls of a blastfurnace in operation are worn unequally at certainpoints relative to the main stack, as the bosh-wall, crucible, and lhearth-bottom are found to' wear or burn out two or more times as rapidly as the main stack, necessitating renewals. Again, the hearth and crucible in many instances burn and cut away proportionately faster than the bush-wall, and it frequently happens that melted iron breaks out through the hearth and under the furnace as a result of fusion and erosion caused bythe high pressure and heat of the melted iron constantly contained thereon, of-` ten resulting disastrously tov life and property. lt is the` general practiceto have the bell of such sizeas to throw thestock against the wall at the point at which it is desired to lkeep the furnace full, so that vthe larger lumps, having the greater momentum in the rebound from furnace-Wall, will be thrown toward the center and the smaller materialr strikes the side of the furnace-wall. At this point the destructive action is almost wholly physical, as it is due to friction or abrasion caused by the impact of the stock-'striking against the walls. It very often happens, therefore, that this part of the furnace weakens and wears out even before the bosh-wall, crucible, and hearth. Although the annular recess thus Worn can be repaired without blowing out, as is necessary when the bosh-wall, crucible, or hearth is worn out and fused away, at the same time it necessarily involves considerable expense and a great risk of life, as those employed on the repair have to go inside the stack in order to renew the masonry or otherwise repair the weakened and worn-out walls, because this not only subjects the workmen directly to the suffocating and poisonous gases given o from the burning coke and roasted ores and limestone, butalso to the still more dangerous liability of slipping or settling of the stock, thus sending up a Volume of gas and` heat while the workmen are inside, in which case there is almost no possibility of escape, and they are burned to death. l

Toy promote the safety of human life around furnaces, to keep the furnace at its maximum capacity, and to lengthen the life of the furnace itself by keeping thelines of wallintact yand to reduce the cost of construction and maintenance by correcting the above-mentioned weak parts of the furnace-wall, so as y to increase the life thereof, arek the general objects of our invention. c f

Our further object is toprevent unnecessary loss of heat from theburning and highlyheated stock, which results from the application of too-intense cooling devices located too close to or in actual contact with the stock.

Theseintense coolingdevices,largely presenting their most efficient cooling area at the points where directly exposed or too close to the stock, carry oft the heat not so much from the walls as from the stock direct, thus increasing the fuel consumption and reducing the melting capacity. They are also placed at too great a distance apart, thus allowing the intermediate portions of the wall to be destroyed. By our invention we securea more uniform distribution of heat throughout the furnace-walls, thus permittingr of thickerand heavier walls, which will necessarily'give a larger wearing area, and thereby also reduce the loss of heat by radiation.

Another object of our invention is to provide a plate which when once in position shall not by any possibility of breakage, wear,l or other cause have to be removed from the wall until the latter is worn out uniformly too thin to be safe for further ilse and one which, with slight modilication, is specifically applicable to any furnace and to any part of said furnace.

We accomplish these objects by the use of a composite plate comprising a plurality of parts, one inclosing or surrounding, partially or wholly, another and preferably consisting of a cooling or heat-conducting plate or body and a wear-resisting plate or body protecting the said conducting-plate. The said wearresisting plate is preferably placed around the heat-conducting plate or body, so as to fully protect the same,and the heat-cond ucting plate or bodyis preferably of higher conducting quality than the wear-resisting plate or body.

1n the drawings we have shown various forms of our invention applied to the different parts of the furnace, in which drawings- Figure 1 is a vertical section of a blast-furnace equipped with different modifications of our com posite plates. Fig. 2 isacross-section of furnace-wall on line 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of furnace-wall on line Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a cross-section of furnace-wall on line 4, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a cross-section of composite plate havingr the heat-conductor extending i'uto the ci rculaling-chamber. Fig. 6 isacrosssection of com posite plate having the heat-conductor cut otf from the circulating-chainber. Fig. 7 is asectional side ele vatiou of a composite plate having a circulating-chamber for use in a vertical position. Fig. 8 is a rear elevation of the same. Fig. 9 is a cross-section of composite plat-e having the heat-conductor in contact with a wall of t he circulating-cham ber. Fig. l() is a cross-section of another form of composite plate having the heat-conductor extending into thecirculating-chamber. Fig. 11 is another form 0f composite plate having the heat-conductor cut ol from the circulatcross-section of another form of composite plate having double or tortuous circulatingchamber. Fig. 15 is a cross-section of oomposite plate in which the plates or parts are securedtogether by rivets. Fig. 16 is a broken sectional elevation of the composite plate shown in Fig. 14 for use in a vertical position. Fig. 17 is a cross-section of another form of composite plate in which the plates are secured together by rivets. Fig. 18 is a broken sectional elevation of a modification of the composite plate shown in Figs. 14 and 16. Fig. 19 is a cross-section of the same. Fig. 2O is a longitudinal section of composite plate having two heat-conducting parts. Fig. 2l is a cross-section of composite plate on lines 21 2l, Fig. 22, showing different forms of heatconductors. Fig. 22 is a broken plan section of composite plate for use in the bottom of the furnace, showing different forms of heatconductors` therein. Fig. 23 is a cross-section of composite plate on line 23 23, Fig. 22. Fig. 24 is a sectional plan view of composite plate with double circulating-chamber for use in a horizontal position. Fig. 25 isacross-section of the same. Fig-.26 is a cross-section of a modified form thereof in which the conductor extends into the circulating-chamber. Fig. 27 is a part sectional plan of the same, showing heat-conductor extending into the circulating-chamber. Fig. 28 is a rear elevation of the same, and Figs. 29 to 31 are details of further modifications.

Referring now to the drawings, in which the same reference characters designate the same or corresponding parts in all the views, A designates the bosh-wall; b, the twyer-wall; c, the hearth-wall; d, the bottom. The stackwall has the usual inner lining e and outer lining g, between which linings is an expansion-spacef, with suitable filling. The furnace is provided with a hopper h, having a bell lc.

The letters 'n n designate the stock-line or the line ofthe stack-wall Where the stock strikes.

Our plate,which is shown in Fig. 1 applied to different positions of the furnace, consists, preferably, of one or more solid heat-conducting plates protected by a Wear-resisting` plate. These two may be combined with or without the use of a coolingchamber, such as C, formed in the wear-resisting plate B, or such as the opening l1, provided `with an external cooling device E, Figs. 1, 20, and 22, and thel chamber C may he unobstructed, as in Figs. 5, 6, 9, 11, and 15, or it may have a partition or diaphragm q, as in Figs. 14, 16, and 18. The eonductipg-plate ais preferably made of copper with perforations p, through which perforations some of the metal of the plate B passes when the latter is cast thereon, thus serving to hold tirmlyand in perfect contact the wear-resisting plates the latter of which are preferably chilled iron cast. over the copper plate a.. The plates B are preferably provided with a circulating-chamber C, Figs. 5

kloo

IXO

to :19" and 24 to 28;" but in some Acases this secured or anchored to the cast plate B. This erably to the inlets 'y of the lower series'of Aform of plate is especially elective in pre-v chamber may be omitted or holes H provided, venting'leakage when the form used is that through'which a cooling device E, receiving in which the plate extends into the water- 7o a cooling.' medium therein, may be used, as chamber C, the ribs being clenched by the 5 shownj-in'Figs. 20 to 23. The inner andouter cast-iron of the plate B as it contracts in coolendsof the plate a are preferably exposed, ing and forms an eective break-joint. To so'that whenthe device isinserted in the f-urq further contribute to this resultV the plate a' nacewall 'heat may be readily conducted may be hammered or calked ou its external 75 Ythrough said plate a to the outside. edges. Where it is possible, however, witho- Instead of casting the plates or bodies B out too great a sacrifice of conductivity of raoundthe plate pr' body a 'these parts `may thefpiat'e a, it is preferable to have this plate beconnected together 'by rivets or other suitentirely separated or cut off from the chamablef-mechanica-l means, in which case ,the ber C, as shown in Figs. 6, 11, 14, 15, and 25, 8o parts arev made separate, as shown in Figs. where it will be seen that the said conduct- 7 5 15 an'd"17where a2. is the conducting-plate, ing-plate terminates outside of wall o r partiextending-to t-he wall of the cooling-chamber tion on the inner side of the chambenby C and held upon the lower part of the. plate which construction all possibility of leakage 'B' by-'a separable member b of -the plate B', is avoided. 85 with rivets d' passing through all the parts; In Figs. 21, 22, and 23 we have shown a o or, if desired, the wear-resisting plate may modified form of the conducting-plate, in

be made in two symmetrical parts B2, Fig. which the latter is in the form of ribs a4, rods 17, with the conducting-plate a2 passing or bars a5, or the combination of these two through the chamber C and clamped by rivwith a flat plate, Such ribs 0r rods extending, 9o ets between said parts, a perforation s being in the form shown, to the inner ends of the i 5 formedin the cooling-cham ber,through which plates. The rods, ribs, 0r bars may of course' the cooling fluid may pass. *be of any suitable shape, and they may be lIn some parts of the furnace-wall it may formed separate or cast with the plateB therebe advisable to place the plates in'a vertical upon, preferably the latter. The chambers 95 position, in which case they may be formed C for the cooling fluid are providedl with suito as shown in Figs. 7, 16, and 18, and when deable inlets '11, outlets 0, and washout-openings sig-n/ed'for horizontal positionsl they may be having'closing-plugs w fitted thereto.

" formedas shown in Figs- ..12,' 2.4,.and. 27... ln allthe formsemployingzthe chamber As the introduction of water at the bottom it will be noted that the outer end ofthe plate roo of the furnace, according to the arrangement a is laterally extended in a T head or flange 5 adopted in other parts of the'furnace, is dan- 1:, which is either inclosed by the walls of said gerous, the cooling of the plates located in chamber or is in contact with the inner wall the bottom may beeffected by air circulated thereof, by which an increased conducting- .-fjthrough the chamber C, and the plates may surface is obtained. x05

*1 be extendedv to the center from allsid'es, such While we do not limit oirselves to any speo' plates being in the shape of a sector of acircial kind of metal or materialforv the manucle, as shown in Fig. 22, all meeting at a comfacture of our plates, we may say that we premon point.. In this form the plate B3 is preffer to make the conducting or inner plate of- "-erably-cast overftbe ,plate a3, the'latter of copper, as that has a high conducting power 11o fwhichis providedwith an opening H, around for heat, while the wearresisting or protect- 5'. which extend in both directions annular' ing plate'is preferablymade of chilled castanges l and through which opening may be iron. Whatever material that will be durainserted a cooling device E, such as that disble enough to resist the action of the heat-of osed and claimed in United States Letters the highly-heated stock will suffice for the 11.5

. Patent granted to A'. P. Gaines November protecting-plate, and theinner orconducting-- o 15,1898, No. 614,381. This cooling device plate may be made of any 'suitable conduct.- f

preferably passes through several of the ing material, though preferably of a 'metaL plates, arranged one above another, as shown that has a higher conducting power than the in Fig. 1, so that asuflcient amount of metal outer plate or plates.A In the application'ofV no"` is concentrated upon said coolingdevice to water or any other cooling fluid as the cool- 5v radiate or`conduct heat into the conducting ing medium to these plates, where the .gen-

or cooling device E; Qr, if desired, the cooleral reservoirdoes not give pressure suicient` in g at the bottom may be eected by iude-V to force the cooling medium, to vthe required pendent means,` such as shownat the upper height of the stack, a force-pumpcanbe used,'t 25 part of Fig. 3 and in Fig. 1, where plates, or any number of circulating reservoirs,

Q With the chambers C, are `used",'or bothof troughs, or pipes t, filled with thetfluid, lo-` `these plans may be adopted. cated at a ny desired height, as Vshtgytm in Figl- In order to more securely fasten the plates 1, where it is seen that said reservoir is in the a and B together, 'as shown in Figs. 9and 19, form of a casing supported at the top of the 13o the plate a' may be provided with one or more furnace upon suitable brackets, fromthe bot- 5 ribsfr in addition-to the perforationsp, by tom of which trough lead supplypipes-z,

which means the said plate a' is more iirmly which are connected tothe platesbelow, prefplates, so as to secure a 'vert-ical circulation of the cooling fluid, the said plates having outlets c,- forming connection with the inletopenings of the adjacent plates.

It has been found that in parts of the fur- .nace where the heat is not so intense it is not essential that-any circulating medium or chamber C be used, as a sufficient amount of heat will be removed from the inner edges of xo the wall and plates by conduction and diffu-- sion toward theoutside, in which case the plates may be made as shown in Figs. 29 to 8l, the heat being abstracted from the conducting-plate by the outside air acting in such case as a cooling medium.

From the foregoing description it iwill appear that by the use of our invention the lines of the furnace are preserved by apartial and not too -active conduction of heat '2p from the'walls through these plates, which able, as our plates will not require removal.

' until the walls ofthe furnace are worn. so thin that safety necessitates blowing out for relining for the reason that the said plates may be Worn back to the line of the inner walls of the circulating orv cooling chambers without leaking or materially weakening the walls, nevertheless it maybe found advisable 4o that in some parts of the walls-for example,

'the bosh-a removable plate be used, and

hence we wish it understood that our invention may be embodied in a removable as well as an immovable plate. Again,we have shown no other support for the plates in the wall than the masonry,but at the top of the furnace A where the plateswill be snbjectgto such frequent abrasion, due to the striking of the charge against the w'all at the stock-line, it

A 5o may be desirable to fasten or bind the plates in position in any suitable way, and around the boshwall they may be bound together and linked by any of the well-known` means Y for securing-bosh-plates. Without limiting ourselves to the :specific forms of plate shown in the drawings, as Wel believe wear-e the first to provide a composite cooling device for furnaces,

What we claim, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is-` l l- 1. The herein-described cooling device for A "blast or other furnaces, consisting of a solid conducting plate or body of high heat-conducting power anda protecting plate or body of other metal'capable` of resisting wear in contact with said conducting-plate,`the inner end of said `conducting-.plate being exposed sol as to conduct heat from the furnace-chamber, an`d its outer end extending to a point where heat may be abstracted by a cooling medium, substantially as described.

2. The herein-described cooling device for blast or other furnaces, consisting of an inner solid plate of high heat-cond uctin g power and an outer protecting-plate of other metal capable ofn resisting wear partially inclosing the same, the inner end of said conducting-plate being exposed so as to conduct heat from the furnace-chamber, and the outer end extending to a point where heat may be abstracted by a cooling medium, substantially as -described. Y

3. The herein-described cooling device for blast or other furnaces, consisting of a plurality of plates, arranged one within another, the inner plate being a solidconducting-plate and of higher specific heat-conducting power than the inclosing. plate, and the latter pos` sessing wear-resisting qualities to resist heat` or'abrasion, the inner end of said conducting-plate being exposed so as'to conduct-heat from the furnace-chamber and the outer end extending to a point Where heat may be abstracted by a cooling medium, substantially as described.

4. The herein-described cooling device for blast or other furnaces, consisting of a cornposite plate formed of an inner s olid conducting metal plate of high heat-conducting power partially surrounded by a plate of other metal capable of resisting wear, the inner end of said conducting-plate being exposed soas to conduct heat from the furnace-chamber and the louter end extending` to a point Whereheat may beabstracted by a cooling medium, substantially -as described.. l

5. The herein-described cooling device for furnace-walls, consisting of a solid metal plate of high hea t-conducting power, and a protecting-plate of other metal capable of resisting Wear cast upon said conducting-plate, the inner end of said conducting-plate being ex- -posed so-as to conduct heat from the furnacechamber, and the outer end extending to a point where heat may be abstracted by a cooling medium, substantially as described.

6. The herein-described cooling device for furnace-walls, consisting of a metal plate of high heat-conductin g power and a protectingplate of other metal capable of resisting Wear cast around said conducting-plate, the inner end of said :onducting-plateV being exposed 'so as toconduct heat from the furnace-chamber, and the outer end extending to apointwhere heat may be abstracted by a coolingsmedium, `substantially as described.

7'.-\The herein-described coolihg device for fu rnace-walls, consisting of .a composite plate formed of a solid metal plateof high heatconducting power and a protecting-plate of other metal capable of resisting wear cast' upon said conducting-plate, the inner end of said conducting-plate being exposed 'so asto conduct heat from the furnace-chamber, said vtension at one end, a protecting-plate suriormed of an inner solid plate of high heatcomposite plate being provided at its outer 1j end with a cooling-chamber for circulation of a cooling medium to abstract heat from the outer end of said conducting-plate, substantially as described. i

8. The herein-described cooling device for I furnace-walls, consisting of a composite plate i formed of a solid metal plate of high heatconducting power and a protecting-plate of other metal capable of resisting wear cast? thereon, with means for anchoring the two plates together, the inner end of said conducting-plate being exposed so as to conduct- 2 heat from the furnace-cham ber, and the outer end extending to a. point where heat may be abstracted by a cooling' medium, substantially as described.

9. The hereindescribed cooling device for f nrnace-walls, consist-ing of a composite plate formed of an inner solid plate of high heatconducting power, with a protecting-plate of other metal lcapable of resisting wear cast thereon and devicespn the inner plate for rigidly binding the cast metal to the said inner plate, the inner end of lsaid conductingplate being exposed so as to conduct heat from the furnace-chamber, and the outer end extending to a point where heat may be abstracted by a cooling medium, substantially as described.

10. The herein-described cooling device for f urnace-walls, consisting ofa com posite plate formed of an inner solid'plat'e of high heatcondncting power, havinga lateral extension at -one end, and a'protecting-plate of other metal capable of resisting wear in contact with said inner plate, the inner end of said conducting-plate being exposed' so as tov conduct heat from the furnace-chamber, and the outer end extending to a point where heat may be abstracted by a cooling medium, substantially as described.

1l. The herein-described cooling device for furnace-walls, consisting of a composite plate formed-of an inner plate having a lateral exrounding and in contact with said inner plate, said protecting-plate having a coolingcharnber formed therein, and the lateral extension of the inner plate being dis osed in proximity to 'said cooling-chamber, substantially as described.

12. The herein-described cooling device for furnace-walls, consisting of a composite plate conducting power, having a lateral extension at one end, and a protecting-plate of other metal capable of resisting wear in Contact with both sides of said inner plate, the inner end of'said'conductng-plate being exposed so as to conduct heat from the f urnace-chamber, and the outer end extending to a point where heat may be abstracted by a cooling 13. The herein-described cooling device for furnacewalls, consisting of a composite plate formed of an inner solid metal plate of high heat-conducting power, having a lateral extension at one end and a protecting-plate of' other metal capable of resisting wear cast upon said conducting-plate, vwith ribs or projections for binding the two plates together, the inner end of said conducting-plate being exposed so as to conduct heat from the furnacechamber, and the outer end extending to a point where heat may be abstracted by a cooling medium, substantially as described-t 1l. The herein-described cooling device for f urnace-walls, consisting of a composite plate formed of a solid metal plate of high heat-conducting power surrounded by a protectingplate of other metal capable of resisting wear, said composite plate having openings for the admission of a cooling medium from an external source, the inner end of said conducting-plate being exposed so as to conduct heat from the furnace-chamber, and the outer end extending to a point where heat may be abstracted by a cooling medium, substantially as described.

1- 15. The herein-described cooling device for furnace-walls, consisting of a composite plate formed of an inner conducting-plate having a lateral extension at one end, and a wear-resisting plate cast upon said conducting-plate, said outer plate having a chamberA therein for a cooling medium and the lateral extension of theinner plate being disposed adjacent to the wall of said chamber, substantially as devsc-ribed.

16. The herein-described cooling device for f urnace-walls, consisting of a composite plate formed of an inner solid plate of copper and a chilled iron plate cast thereon, the inner end of said conducting-plate being exposed s0 as to 4cond uct heat from the furnace-chamber, and the outer end extending toa point where heat may be abstracted by a cooling medium, substantially as described.

17. The herein-described-cooling device for furnace-walls, consisting of a composite plate formed of an inner conducting-plate, and an outer protectingplate provided with a chamber for a cooling medium, with ribs on one of the plates located outside of. the inner wall of the cooling-chamber and serving to hold the two plates together and fto form a-break-joint to prevent leakage from said chamber, substan'tially as described.:

. In testimony'whereof we have signed our names to this speciticationin the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

AMBROSE PORTER GAINES. CHARLES J. GUSTA SON.

I zo 

